Aerial view of the Elwha River meeting the Strait of Juan de Fuca after dam removal

HIST& 214 · Pacific Northwest History

Un-building a century of infrastructure

Two dams powered Port Angeles, blocked salmon, and flooded places central to the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. Then a river was given the chance to run again.

By Yazan Ismail

Begin the story

Elwha River mouth, 2016 · Jeff Duda, USGS · Public domain

2dams removed
70+miles reopened to fish
2011-14removal years
21M m³sediment once trapped

How do you safely un-build a century of infrastructure, and what has the Elwha River's recovery revealed since?

For most of a century, two dams sat across the Elwha River on Washington's Olympic Peninsula. Between 2011 and 2014 they came down in what was then the largest dam removal in United States history. That reversal is the whole reason this story is worth telling. We spend a lot of time thinking about how things get built, and almost none thinking about how you take a piece of century-old infrastructure apart without wrecking everything downstream of it.

The pages that follow move through the story in order: why the dams went up and who paid for it, how the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe spent decades forcing removal onto the table, the engineering of taking the dams down, and what the river and the people around it look like now.

Historic photograph of a woman holding a salmon beside the Elwha River

Industrial development explains why the dams were built. Treaty rights and tribal persistence explain why they finally came down.

Historic salmon photograph · Olympic National Park · Public domain

Follow the Elwha from obstruction to recovery.

“Recovery” is not the river going backward. It is the river and the people around it building a different future from the history they inherited.
Start with Chapter 01